Smart pill box and medical compliance monitoring

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems are described for monitoring medication use with a home automation system. An example medication monitoring system includes a medication storage device, a proximity device, and a dispenser module. The medication storage device is configured to hold a plurality of medications. The proximity device is configured to detect an activity of a user relative to the medication storage device. The dispense module is configured to detect a pattern of the activity based on data received from the proximity device, and generate a notice. The notice may be generated if the pattern is broken. The notice may include a summary report on usage of the medication storage device. The notice may include an alarm if the medication storage device is, for example, tampered with or moved.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/468,086, titled: “Smart Pill Box and Medical ComplianceMonitoring,” filed Mar. 23, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,022,305, issuedon Jul. 28, 2018 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/543,260, titled: “Smart Pill Box and Medical ComplianceMonitoring,” filed Nov. 17, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,603,776, issued onMar. 28, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated by referenceherein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Advancements in media delivery systems and media-related technologiescontinue to increase at a rapid pace. Increasing demand for media hasinfluenced the advances made to media-related technologies. Computersystems have increasingly become an integral part of the media-relatedtechnologies. Computer systems may be used to carry out severalmedia-related functions. The wide-spread access to media has beenaccelerated by the increased use of computer networks, including theInternet and cloud networking.

Many homes and businesses use one or more computer networks to generate,deliver, and receive data and information between the various computersconnected to computer networks. Users of computer technologies continueto demand increased access to information and an increase in theefficiency of these technologies. Improving the efficiency of computertechnologies is desirable to those who use and rely on computers.

With the wide-spread use of computers and mobile devices has come anincreased presence of home automation and security products.Advancements in mobile devices allow users to monitor and/or control anaspect of a home or business. As home automation and security productsexpand to encompass other systems and functionality in the home,opportunities exist for further monitoring occupant activities in thehome, particularly activities associated with health and well-beingaspects of occupants.

SUMMARY

Methods and systems are described for monitoring medication use with ahome automation system. An example medication monitoring system includesa medication storage device, a proximity device, and a dispenser module.The medication storage device is configured to hold a plurality ofmedications. The proximity device is configured to detect an activity ofa user relative to the medication storage device. The dispense module isconfigured to detect a pattern of the activity based on data receivedfrom the proximity device, and generate a notice.

In one example, the activity may include at least one of the userdispensing medication from the medication storage device and the usercoming within a predetermined distance of the medication storage device.The medication storage system may include at least one sensor thatcommunicates with the proximity device. The proximity device may beconfigured to be carried by the user. The medication storage system mayinclude a controller configured to operate the dispense module. Thecontroller may be located remotely from the medication storage deviceand the proximity device. The controller may be positioned in a commonhousing with the proximity device. The notice may be at least one of atext message and an audible message delivered to the user. The noticemay be at least one of a summary report on usage of the medicationstorage device, or an alarm if the medication storage device is tamperedwith or moved. The notice may be generated if the pattern is broken.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a computerimplemented method for monitoring medication use with a home automationsystem. The method includes receiving data regarding at least one ofoperation of a medication dispenser and proximity of a user to themedication dispenser, determining a pattern of the at least one ofoperation of the medication dispenser by the user and proximity of theuser to the medication dispenser based on the received data, andgenerating a notice.

In one example, receiving data may include receiving data wirelesslyfrom a device carried by the user. The method may include authenticatingthe user prior to permitting the user to operate the medicationdispenser. Determining the pattern may include confirming that the atleast one of operation of the medication dispenser by the user andproximity of the user to the medication dispenser occurs repeatedly inat least one of a given sequence and a given interval. The method mayinclude delivering the notice to the device carried by the user. Themethod may include displaying the notice on a control panel of the homeautomation system. The method may include delivering the notice to acaregiver of the user. The method may include generating the notice ifthe pattern is broken. The notice may include a summary report on usageof the medication storage device. The notice may include an alarm if themedication storage device is tampered with or moved.

A further embodiment is directed to an apparatus for monitoringmedication use with a home automation system. The apparatus includes aprocessor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, andinstructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable bythe processor to receive authentication data confirming identity of auser, receive data from a device carried by the user regarding operationof a medication dispenser by the user, determine a pattern of the useroperating the medication dispenser based on the data, generate a notice,and deliver the notice to at least one of the user and a caregiver ofthe user.

In one example, the device may communicate with the medicationdispenser. The device may include a proximity sensor. The instructionsmay be executable by the processor to receive data from the medicationdispenser concerning operation of the medication dispenser. Theinstructions may be executable by the processor to continuously monitoroperation of the medication dispenser by the user, and generate a noticeif a sustained change in the pattern is detected. The notice may begenerated if the pattern is broken. The notice may include a summaryreport on usage of the medication storage device. The notice may includean alarm if the medication storage device is tampered with or moved.

A further embodiment is directed to a computer implemented method formonitoring medical compliance using a home automation system. The methodincludes receiving instructions from a medical personnel concerning atleast one medical-related activity, presenting the instructions to apatient via the home automation system, receiving feedback via the homeautomation system from at least one of the patient and a device used tocollect medical-related information associated with the patientregarding compliance with the instructions, and delivering the feedbackto the medical personnel.

In one example, the instructions may relate to consumption ofmedication, the device may be a medication dispensing device, and thefeedback may include operation of the medication dispensing device todispense medication for consumption by the patient. Presenting theinstructions may include at least one of displaying a text message orgenerating an audio message at a control panel of the home automationsystem. Receiving feedback may include receiving an entry from thepatient at a control panel of the home automation system. The entry mayinclude at least one of confirmation of a medication consumption, ameasurement from a medical device, and confirmation of a medical-relatedactivity.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Features whichare believed to be characteristic of the concepts disclosed herein, bothas to their organization and method of operation, together withassociated advantages will be better understood from the followingdescription when considered in connection with the accompanying figures.Each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration anddescription only, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the embodimentsmay be realized by reference to the following drawings. In the appendedfigures, similar components or features may have the same referencelabel. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguishedby following the reference label by a dash and a second label thatdistinguishes among the similar components. If only the first referencelabel is used in the specification, the description is applicable to anyone of the similar components having the same first reference labelirrespective of the second reference label.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an environment in which the present systemsand methods may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another environment in which the presentsystems and methods may be implemented;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another environment in which the presentsystems and methods may be implemented;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another environment in which the presentsystems and methods may be implemented;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of another environment in which the presentsystems and methods may be implemented;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a dispense module of the environments shownin FIGS. 1-5;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for communicatingmessages using a home automation system;

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating another method for communicatingmessages using a home automation system;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of another environment in which the presentsystems and methods may be implemented;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of another environment in which the presentsystems and methods may be implemented;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a compliance module of the environmentsshown in FIGS. 9-10;

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for monitoring medicalcompliance using a home automation system; and

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a computer system suitable forimplementing the present systems and methods of FIGS. 1-12.

While the embodiments described herein are susceptible to variousmodifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have beenshown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detailherein. However, the exemplary embodiments described herein are notintended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, theinstant disclosure covers all modifications, equivalents, andalternatives falling within the scope of the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The systems and methods described herein relate to home automation andhome security, and related security systems and automation for use incommercial and business settings. As used herein, the phrase “homeautomation system” may refer to a system that includes automationfeatures alone, security features alone, a combination of automation andsecurity features, or a combination of automation, security and otherfeatures. While the phrase “home automation system” is used throughoutto describe a system or components of a system or environment in whichaspects of the present disclosure are described, such an automationsystem and its related features (whether automation and/or securityfeatures) may be generally applicable to other properties such asbusinesses and commercial properties as well as systems that are used inindoor and outdoor settings.

The following relates generally to medication storage, medicationdispersement, medical compliance monitoring and feedback, and relatedsystems and methods for carrying out the same, alone or in somecombination. For most patients, taking the right amount of medication atspecific times of the day and/or week is critical to maintaining goodhealth. A number of pill dispensing products are available that organizea patient's pills by day of the week and even by times of the day.However, if the patient does not access the pill dispenser and actuallyconsume the medication, the patient's health may be in jeopardy. Othermedical-related tasks, regimes, and activities may be prescribed by adoctor and be expected to be carried out by a patient. Compliance withsuch doctor prescribed medications and/or activities may be difficult toconfirm in many circumstances. While the present disclosure is focusedprimarily on medical-related subjects, the principles disclosed hereinmay have broader application related to communicating with a person andmonitoring the person's activities in response to the communications.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a medication dispensingsystem that monitors a patient's use of a medication dispenser, whichtypically relates closely to the patient's intake of the dispensedmedication. The medication dispensing system provides notices in theevent the patient does not access the pill dispenser at predeterminedtimes. The present disclosure also relates to a medication dispensingsystem that automatically learns a patient's pattern of accessing amedication dispenser and then monitors for interruptions in that patternas an indicator that the patient has missed taking, or at leastdispensing, the medication. The present invention may provide remindersto a patient to take the routine medications when the user forgets to doso (or to notify a caregiver). The systems and method of the presentdisclosure may be well-suited for use by elderly persons who may morefrequently forget to take his/her medications and may have difficultyremembering complex medication regimens. The systems and methods of thepresent invention may provide monitoring of the user's medication regimeand automatically adapt to medication regime changes.

In one embodiment, the patient wears a device (e.g., a medical pendant),and another sensor is installed on a smart pill box (e.g., medicationdispenser). When the sensor detects that the smart pill box is within aclose proximity with the wearable device and/or that the pill box isoperated/opened, the sensor sends a signal to a control center and theevent is recorded. Over a small period of time (e.g., 1-2 days whenmedications are taken multiple times a day in a daily routine, or 1-2weeks when medications are taken in some weekly routine), the patient'smedication routine may be learned by the system. If the patient misses aroutine medication intake, the system may send a reminder to the patientor to a caregiver of the patient (e.g., a relative or doctor/nurse) via,for example, a phone call, a text or audible message sent via a handheldcomputing device such as a smart phone or tablet computer, or via acontrol panel of a home automation and/or security system.

The control panel may be a control panel of a home automation system.The event may be recorded at the control panel or at a control center(e.g., central station or backend server) of the home automation system.The smart or learning capability of the systems and methods disclosedherein related to determining a pattern of medication intake/dispensingmay be based at least in part on the frequency, time of day, day orweek, and other criteria automatically collected by the system ormanually entered by one or more persons (e.g., the patient or acaregiver).

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to authenticating theidentity of a user who access the medication dispenser. In at least someembodiments, the authenticating must be completed prior to permittingthe user to access the medication dispenser. The authenticating mayinclude, for example, confirmation that the user is carrying anidentification device such as an identification pendant, bracelet,anklet, or the like. In another example, the authenticating may includeentering a code on a user interface of the medication dispenser, voicerecognition, fingerprint scan, face recognition, or the like. Otheralternatives may be possible for completing an authenticating step inemergency situations. For example, a medication dispenser may beoperable remotely by a caregiver or doctor in the event the patient isincapacitated (e.g., cannot perform typical authentication steps) butstill requires intake of the medication held in the medicationdispenser.

A further aspect of the present disclosure relates to a medicalcompliance monitoring system and related methods. In one embodiment, ahome automation system is used to communicate between medical personneland a patient. For example, a doctor may prescribe a medication regimenfor a patient. The patient may receive notifications regarding detailsabout the medication regimen via the home automation system (e.g., acontrol panel of the home automation system or a handheld mobile devicein communication with the home automation system via a mobileapplication). The details may include at least one of a time when themedication should be taken, the name, size, color or other aspect of themedication itself, and an amount of medication to be consumed. Thepatient may provide feedback (e.g., via the control panel or handheldmobile device) about when and how much of the medication was consumed.In some examples, a pill dispenser, such as the smart pill dispenserdescribed above, may automatically provide feedback related to operationof the pill dispenser to confirm, alone or in combination with thepatient's direct feedback, consumption of the medication.

In another example, a medical personnel may communicate with the patientvia the home automation system concerning other medical-relatedinformation that the patient collects using other devices or equipment.For example, the patient may receive a daily reminder via the homeautomation system to provide a blood pressure measurement, blood glucosemeasure, heart rate, body temperature, weight measurement, or the like.The patient may provide a response to the notice also via the homeautomation system. In some embodiments, the device used to collect therequested information may automatically communicate the information tothe home automation system (e.g., via a wireless or wired connection toa control panel of the home automation system).

The medical personnel may communicate with the home automation systemvia a web-based portal or other easily accessible database. The medicalpersonnel may access the portal and enter information specific to aparticular patient. The information may include, for example, a physicaltherapy, medication, or measurement regimen, including instructions forsending the information to the patient. The portal may then communicatethat information to the patient via the home automation system accordinga given schedule. The home automation system may communicate informationfrom the patient, or instruments collecting information about thepatient, to the portal. The portal may communicate notices and otherinformation to the medical personnel (e.g., a notice that the patienthas not taken a prescribed medication within a given timeframe).

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an environment100 in which the present systems and methods may be implemented. In someembodiments, the systems and methods described herein may be performedat least in part on or using medication storage device 105 and adispense module 110. Medication storage device 105 and dispense module110 may communicate with each other via network 115. Although dispensemodule 110 is shown as a separate component from medication storagedevice 105, in other embodiments (e.g., the embodiment described belowwith reference to FIG. 2), dispense module 110 is integrated as acomponent of medication storage device 105, carried in a common housingwith medication storage device 105, or at least operable without anintervening network 115.

Medication storage device 105 may store a plurality of medications andoperate to dispense medications. The medications may be in the form of,for example, pills, capsules, syringes, and other single-dose ormulti-dose containers. The medications may be in the form of, forexample, solids, gels or liquids. Medication storage device 105 mayinclude a plurality of cavities for storing the medication. Medicationstorage device 105 may include cavities that store medications for eachof a plurality of times during the day, each day of the week, each dayor week of the month, and the like. Medication storage device 105 may bereferred to as a medication dispenser, a pill box, a pill dispenser, amedication delivery device, or the like. Medication storage device 105may require input of a key, code, password, or other authentication orsecurity indicators before permitting dispensing of the medication.

Dispense module 110 may monitor operation of medication storage device105 to determine, for example, a pattern of dispensing the medication.The pattern may be based on, for example, a frequency of dispensing, anamount of medication dispensed, and the like during a time period suchas an hour, day, week, or month. In some examples, as described below,dispense module 110 may infer access to and/or dispensing of medicationsat medication storage device 105 based on a proximity of the userrelative to the medication storage device 105. Dispense module 110 mayobserve biological responses of one or more users to determine whethermedication has been taken (e.g., blood pressure medicine taken to reduceblood pressure conditions in the user) as an indicator that themedication has been dispensed from medication storage device 105.

Medication storage device 105 may include, for example, securitymeasures to prohibit unauthorized access of medications held therein.For example, medication storage device 105 may require entry of a code,keyword, fingerprint, voice recognition, retinal scan, or the like toconfirm that the person accessing medication storage device 105 isauthorized to do so. In only some examples, medication storage device105 requires a plurality of authentication or security inputs prior topermitting dispensing of the medication.

Dispense module 110 may operate to control at least some functions ofmedication storage device 105. For example, dispense module 110 mayoperate the authentication features of medication storage device 105. Inother examples, dispense module 110 may control messaging to a user orcaregiver of a user in response to interaction with the user withmedication storage device 105. For example, if dispense module 110determines that a user has not accessed medication held in medicationstorage device 105 according to a predetermined schedule or regimen,dispense module 110 may generate and deliver a message to the user orcaregiver of the user as a reminder to access the medication viamedication storage device 105. In another example, dispense module 110determines that the medication storage device 105 has been accessed atan inappropriate time, such as more frequently than should occuraccording to a predetermined schedule or regimen.

Dispense module 110 may communicate with a user via, for example, adisplay, a speaker system that provides an audible message, an appliancelocated on the property (e.g., home) being monitored by the homeautomation system, or the like. Medication storage device 105 maycommunicate with a remote device such as, for example, a handheld mobiledevice carried by the patient, a caregiver of the patient, a backendserver, or the like.

Dispense module 110 may automatically determine a pattern of dispensingmedication to a user via medication storage device 105. The pattern maybe determined based on, for example, a frequency of operating themedication storage device 105 to dispense the medication over a periodof hours, days, weeks, or the like. In one example, dispense module 110determines a pattern of taking medication when the medication storagedevice 105 has been accessed every other day between the hours of 5:00and 6:00 p.m. for three successive periods. In another example, dispensemodule 110 determines a pattern of taking medication three times per daywhen medication storage device 105 is accessed between the hours of 7:00a.m. and 9:00 a.m., between the hours of 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m., andbetween the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. each day for at least twodays.

A greater level of certainty that a specific pattern has beenestablished may be confirmed the more times dispense module 110 observesoperation of medication storage device 105 according to theinitially-determined pattern. For example, a level of certainty that apattern has been established for taking a medication every other daybetween the hours of 5:00 and 6:00 p.m. may increase after 10 days ofsuch a routine as opposed to only 2, 3 or 5 days of such a routine.

In some embodiments, dispense module 110 may be operated into an activeor learn state, either automatically or manually, until such time as apattern has been established with a desired level of certainty. In oneembodiment, a user manually turns off the active or learn state uponattaining the desired level of certainty. After the pattern isestablished, dispense module 110 may continue to operate with a highlevel of certainty of a particular pattern. In other examples, a usermay manually enter a schedule or pattern such as a drug regimen directlyinto dispense module 110 as opposed to an automated determination of thepattern based on behavior of one or more users accessing medicationstorage device 105 over time.

Once the dispense module 110 determines at least a proposed or initialpattern is established, dispense module 110 may continue to increase thecertainty of that pattern by, for example, further monitoring operationof medication storage device 105, receiving feedback from a user orcaregiver of the user in response to inquiries from dispense module, orreceiving feedback from the user that the initial pattern is notaccurate.

Dispense module 110 may generate a notice related to, for example, usageof medication storage device 105. In one example, the notice isgenerated if the determined pattern of usage is broken. The notice mayinclude a report such as a summary report regarding usage of themedication storage device. The notice may include an alarm if, forexample, the medication storage device 105 is tampered with or moved.The notice may include a message that is delivered to one or moreparties, such as a caregiver or the person operating medication storagedevice 105.

As mentioned above, dispense module 110 may operate using medicationstorage device 105 or another device such as, for example, a pendant,bracelet, anklet, or the like carried by the user. Dispense module 110may be arranged in communication with, in addition to medication storagedevice 105, a back end server, a central station of a home automationsystem, or a mobile device carried by the user or other person (e.g., asmartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, or the like).

Network 115 may utilize any available communication technology such as,for example, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-wave, infrared (IR), radio frequency(RF), and near field communication (NFC). In other examples, network 115may include cloud networks, local area networks (LAN), wide areanetworks (WAN), virtual private networks (VPN), wireless network (using802.11, for example), and/or cellular networks (e.g., using 3G and/orLTE), etc. In some embodiments, network 115 may include the Internet.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an environment200 in which the present systems and methods may be implemented.Environment 200 may include at least some of the components ofenvironment 100 described above. Environment 200 may include, inaddition to medication storage device 105-a, dispense module 110, andnetwork 115, a proximity device 205. Dispense module 110 is shown aspart of medication storage device 105-a. Dispense module 110 may be acomponent of and may be integrally formed as part of medication storagedevice 105-a (e.g., housed within a common housing, operable using acommon power source, and the like).

Proximity device 205 operates to determine when a person carryingproximity device 205 is within a zone or predetermined area adjacent tomedication storage device 105-a. The operation of medication storagedevice 105-a to dispense a medication may be inferred from a user beingpositioned in close proximity to medication storage device 105-a, asdetermined by proximity device 205. The distance or zone between theproximity device 205 and medication storage device 105-a to make such aninference may be in the range of, for example, about 1 inch to about 3feet. In one embodiment, proximity device 205 operates based physicalcontact between the user and medication storage device 105-a, orphysical contact between proximity device 205 and one or more featuresof medication storage device 105-a.

In some examples, proximity device 205 is embodied in a wearable devicecarried by a user (e.g., a user who is preauthorized to access themedication). In one example, proximity device 205 is housed in a pendantcarried by a user, an anklet or bracelet worn by the user, or a fabcarried by the user. In some embodiments, the system infers that whoeveris carrying proximity device 205 is authorized to access medication heldin medication storage device 105-a. In other examples, a separateauthentication step is required to confirm identify of the personcarrying proximity device 205. It may be possible to circumvent theauthentication step for operating medication storage device 105-a basedon, for example, an emergency situation which meets a predetermined setof criteria (e.g., incapacity of the person intended to take themedication). Proximity device 205 may communicate with dispense module110 via, for example, network 115.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an environment300 in which the present systems and methods may be implemented.Environment 300 may include at least some of the components of theenvironments 100, 200 described above. Environment 300 may include, inaddition to medication storage device 105, proximity device 205-a, whichincludes dispense module 100. Proximity device 205-a may operate, atleast in part, some aspects of dispense module 110 described above.Dispense module 110 may be housed in a common housing with proximitydevice 205-a and carried by, for example, a user or other personauthorized to access medications from medication storage device 105.

In some embodiments, some functionality of dispense module 110 may becarried out using the same device that includes proximity device 205-a,while other functionality of dispense module 110 may be carried out byother devices, systems, or methods, such as using medication storagedevice 105, a back end server, a central station, handheld computingdevice, or the like. Medication storage device 105, proximity device205, and dispense module 110 may communicate with each other using avariety of communication mediums, which may be part of network 115.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an environment400 in which the present systems and methods may be implemented.Environment 400 may include at least some of the components ofenvironments 100, 200, 300 described above. Environment 400 may includemedication storage device 105, dispense module 110, proximity device205, and a sensor 405.

Sensor 405 may operate to determine, for example, operation ofmedication storage device 105, dispensing of medication to a user,proximity of the user relative to medication storage device 105,biometrics of the user, and the like. Sensor 405 may be integrated intomedication storage device 105 and/or proximity device 205 as a componentthereof. Additionally, or alternatively, sensor 405 may be a sensor thatprovides data for operation of a home automation system. Sensor 405 mayinclude, for example, a camera sensor, an audio sensor, a forced-entrysensor, a shock sensor, a proximity sensor, a boundary sensor, anappliance sensor, a light fixture sensor, a temperature sensor, a lightbeam sensor, a three-dimensional (3D) sensor, a motion sensor, a smokesensor, a glass-break sensor, a door sensor, a video sensor, a carbonmonoxide sensor, an accelerometer, a global positioning system (GPS)sensor, a Wi-Fi positioning sensor, a capacitance sensor, a radiofrequency sensor, a near-field sensor, a heartbeat sensor, a breathingsensor, an oxygen sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a brainwave sensor, avoice sensor, a touch sensor, and the like. Although sensor 405 isdepicted as a separate component from medication storage device 105,proximity device 205, network 115, and dispense module 110, sensor 405may be connected directly to or housed with any one of those componentsor other components of environment 400. Additionally, or alternatively,sensor 405 may be integrated into a home appliance or fixture. In someexamples, sensor 405 may operate to assist in authenticating a user whoattempts to operate medication storage device 105, proximity device 205,or other feature or component of a home automation system relating todispensing of a medication.

Sensor 405 may include a plurality of sensors having various sensorcapability. For example, sensor 405 may sense physiological responses ofone or more persons such as, for example, a heart rate, a sleepingstate, a body temperature, or the like. Sensor 405 may include geotracking capabilities such as identifying a geographic location or adirection of travel, or an orientation of a person's body (e.g.,standing up or lying down). Sensor 405 may be associated with a buildingsuch as a home, and data from sensor 405 may indicate a location and/oractivity of one or more persons in the home. In some examples, sensor405 may operate, at least in part, to determine whether a person hasperformed an action (e.g., accessed medication storage device 105) whenother features such as proximity device 205 indicate that the person iswithin a predetermined zone or distance relative to the medicationstorage device 105.

Feedback from sensor 405 may be used to create and/or select amongvarious messages that may be sent to the user or a caregiver of theuser. For example, if proximity device 205 indicates that a person iswithin a predetermined range which may infer operation of medicationstorage device 105, and sensor 405 indicates that no medication wasactually dispensed from medication storage device 105, a message may besent to a caregiver of the user that the medications were not dispensedand/or taken. In another example, sensor 405 may a physiologicalcondition such as monitor blood pressure of the user who is intended totake the medication, and sensor 405 indicates that a blood pressure didnot change within a predetermined time period after the user accessedmedication storage device 105 (e.g., as determined by operation ofproximity device 205 and/or other features indicating and/or inferringthat the medication has been dispensed). A message may then be sent tothe user or caregiver of the user that the medication is eitherineffective and/or has not been taken.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an environment500 in which the present systems and methods may be implemented.Environment 500 may include at least some of the same components asenvironments 100, 200, 300, 400 described above. Environment 500 mayinclude, in addition to medication storage device 105, proximity device205-a, dispense module 110, and sensor 405, an application 505, adisplay 510, a user interface 515, a central station 520, a controller525, and a mobile device 530. Any of the components of environment 500may be included in the environments 100, 200, 300, 400 described above.

The systems, devices, and methods described above with reference toFIGS. 1-4 may be part of a home automation system. It is typical forhome automation systems to include, in addition to sensor 405, otherfeatures of environment 500 shown in FIG. 5. For example, application505 may allow a user (e.g., a user who operates medication storagedevice 105) to control an aspect of the monitored property includingsecurity, energy management, locking and unlocking doors, checking thestatus of the door, locating a user or item, controlling lighting,thermostat, or cameras, and receiving notifications regarding a currentcondition or anomaly associated with a home, office, place of business,and the like (e.g., a property). In some configurations, application 505may enable medication storage device 105 to communicate with othercomponents of environment 500 such as, for example, proximity device205-a, sensor 405, central station 520, controller 525, and/or mobiledevice 530. In one example, application 505 may provide the userinterface 515 to display an automation, security and/or energymanagement content on a device such as a control panel of the homeautomation system. Thus, application 505, via user interface 515, mayallow users to control aspects of their home, office, and/or other typeof property. Further, application 505 may be installed on medicationstorage device 105 or other device of the home automation system suchas, for example, a control panel thereof.

Application 505 may facilitate generation of an alarm/notification inresponse to the operation of medication storage device 105 or failure ofa user to operate and/or access medications carried by medicationstorage device 105 according to a predetermined pattern. Application 505may coordinate with and/or operate concurrently with dispense module110, sensor 405, and other features of environment 500 concerningoperation of medication storage device 105, dispensing of medicationand/or actual administration of the medication to one or more persons.

Display 510 may include, for example, a digital display as part of, forexample, a control panel of environment 500 (e.g., a control panel of ahome automation system). Display 510 may be part of medication storagedevice 105 and/or proximity device 205-a. Display 510 may be providedvia devices such as, for example, a desktop computer or mobile device530. In at least some examples, display 510 may be either permanentlymounted (e.g., mounted to a wall of the home), or may be a mobile deviceor accessible via mobile device 530. User interface 515 may beintegrated into display 510. Such user interface 515 may include aplurality of menus, screens, microphones, speakers, cameras, and othercapability that permit interaction between the user and the homeautomation system, or components of environment 500. Additionally, oralternatively, user interface 515, with display 510, may be integratedinto medication storage device 105 and/or proximity device 205-a.

Display 510 and user interface 515 may provide input of data that isused by dispense module 110 for purposes of, for example, establishing apattern of dispensing medication and/or accessing medication storagedevice 105.

Central station 520 may provide back end support for the home automationsystem. Central station 520 may provide storage of data such as, forexample, use data related to medication storage device 105 and/ordispense module 110. Central station 520 may also provide back endsupport such as customer service and/or may facilitate communicationswith a caregiver or others if the determined pattern of dispensingmedication via medication storage device 105 is not being followed.

Controller 525 is shown as a separate component from medication storagedevice 105 and proximity device 205-a. In other examples, controller 525provides logic and/or processing functionality that supports, forexample, operation of dispense module 110.

Mobile device 530 may provide a way for controlling and/or communicatingwith medication storage device 105, proximity device 205-a, and/ordispense module 110. In one example, mobile device 530 is carried by acaregiver of a user who is intended to operate medication storage device105 to dispense medication. Dispense module 110 may send a message,alarm, or the like to the caregiver via mobile device 530. The caregivermay send a responsive message that is delivered to the user. In someexamples, mobile device 530 may provide a remotely-positioned person(e.g., a caregiver, doctor, or the like) to operate medication storagedevice 105 remotely.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example dispense module 110-a.Dispense module 110-a may be one example of the dispense module 110described above with reference to FIGS. 1-5. Dispense module 110-a mayinclude a proximity module 605, a medication dispensing module 610, anauthentication module 615, a pattern determining module 620, a scheduleentry module 625, a message generating module 630, and a messagedelivery module 635. In other examples, dispense module 110-a mayinclude more or fewer of the modules shown in FIG. 6.

Proximity module 605 may receive data from, for example, proximitydevice 205 concerning the location of a user relative to the medicationstorage device 105. Proximity module 605 may determine whether theperson carrying proximity device 205 is within a predetermined range,and thereby determine whether the user probably operated the medicationstorage device 105. Proximity module 605 may determine the proximity ofthe user to other features or devices such as, for example, an appliancesuch as a refrigerator, a vehicle, a swimming pool or bathtub, or otherdevice or related activity which may be pertinent to activities a useris permitted to engage in after having taken a given medication.

Medication dispensing module 610 may operate to determine whenmedication storage device 105 has been operated to dispense medication.Medication dispensing module 610 may determine what type of medicationhas been dispensed, the frequency of dispensing, the amount ofmedication dispensed. The dispensing information may be entered manuallyby one or more users, or may be determined automatically based onoperation of one or more devices (e.g., medication storage device 105).

Authentication module 615 may operate to determine an identity of aperson accessing medication storage device 105. For example,authentication module 615 may determine based on, for example, input ofa fingerprint, voice sample, retinal scan, pin code, or otheridentification information whether the person accessing the medicationdispensing module is authorized to do so. Authentication module 615 mayoperate based on a device being carried by the person accessing themedication storage device 105. For example, a person carrying proximitydevice 205 may meet the authentication requirements determined usingauthentication module 615. The data from authentication module 615 maybe used to control operation of medication storage device 105. Forexample, if authentication module 615 determines that the personidentified is not authorized to dispense medication, no dispensing maybe permitted. Authentication module 615 may generate a notice, alarm,inquiry or the like to determine with greater accuracy theidentification of the person and/or the reason why access is beingattempted.

Pattern determining module 620 may receive data related to operation ofthe medication storage device 105, and based on that data determine apattern of medication dispensing. The pattern may be confirmed based onthe amount and/or type of use data received. For example, a preliminaryor initial proposed pattern may be established based on 2 to 5 datainputs, and a finalized or confirmed pattern may be established after 10to 20 data points.

New patterns may be determined and confirmed automatically based onongoing use and operation of medication storage device 105. Patterndetermining module 620 may pose inquiries to and receive feedback fromthe user to accelerate identification and modification of a givenpattern. When a potential change in the pattern occurs based on a changein, for example, frequency of operating the medication storage device105, pattern determining module 620 may move into a learn mode. Thelearn mode may be terminated after a certain number of data points arereceived or upon entry of a confirmation from the user. Patterndetermining module 620 may determine a pattern based on a combination ofuser input and automated monitoring and/or feedback related to use ofthe medication storage device 105 and/or proximity device 205.

Schedule entry module 625 may provide for manual entry by a user of amedication regimen/schedule. Schedule entry module 625 may confirm thatthe actual dispensing of medication (e.g., as determined by operation ofmedication storage device 105 and/or proximity device 205) matches theentered schedule. Schedule entry module 625 may generate notices,alarms, or the like in the event the manually entered schedule is notproperly followed.

Message generating module 630 may operate to generate messages, alarms,inquiries, and the like in response to deviations from a determinedpattern of dispensing medication. The messages generated may bedelivered via message delivery module 635. Messages may be deliveredvia, for example, a display (e.g., display 510), a user interface (e.g.,user interface 515), a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 530), or thelike delivered via, for example, medication storage device 105,proximity device 205, or the like. Information received in response toany messages sent by message delivery module 635 may be utilized by anyone of the proximity module 605, medication dispensing module 610,authentication module 615, pattern determining module 620, and/orschedule entry module 625 to determine whether the alarm condition hasbeen resolved or whether further inquiries, data or the like are needed.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method 700 formonitoring medication use with a home automation system. In someconfigurations, the method 700 may be implemented by the dispense module110 shown and described with reference to FIGS. 1-6. In other examples,the method 700 may be performed generally by medication storage device105 and proximity device 205 shown in FIGS. 1-5, or even more generallyby environments 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 shown in FIGS. 1-5.

At block 705, the method 700 includes receiving data regarding at leastone of operation of a medication dispenser and proximity of the user tothe medication dispenser. Block 710 includes determining a pattern ofthe at least one of operation of the medication dispenser by the userand proximity of the user to the medication dispenser based on thereceived data. At block 715, the method 700 includes generating anotice.

Method 700 may also include receiving data wirelessly from a devicecarried by the user. The method 700 may include authenticating the userprior to permitting the user to operate the medication dispenser.Determining the pattern may include confirming that the at least one ofoperation of the medication dispenser by the user and proximity of theuser to the medication dispenser occurs repeatedly in at least one of agiven sequence and a given interval. Method 700 may include deliveringthe notice to the device carried by the user. The method 700 may includedisplaying the notice on a control panel of the home automation system.The method 700 may include generating the notice when the pattern isbroken, including a summary report on usage of the medication storagedevice as part of the notice, or including an alarm as part of thenotice if, for example, the medication storage device is tampered withor moved.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method 800 formonitoring medication use with a home automation system. In someconfigurations, the method 800 may be implemented by the dispense module110 shown and described with reference to FIGS. 1-6. In other examples,the method 800 may be performed generally by medication storage device105 or proximity device 205 shown in FIGS. 1-5, or even more generallyby environments 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 shown in FIGS. 1-5.

At block 805, the method 800 includes receiving authentication dataconfirming identity of a user. Block 810 includes receiving data from adevice carried by the user regarding operation of the medicationdispenser by the user, block 815 includes determining a pattern of theuser operating the medication dispenser based on the data. Block 820includes generating a notice, and block 825 includes delivering thenotice to at least one of the user and a caregiver of the user.

According to method 800, the device may communicate with the medicationdispenser. The device may include a proximity sensor. The method 800 mayinclude receiving data from the medication dispenser concerningoperation of the medication dispenser. The method 800 may includecontinuously monitoring operation of the medication dispenser by theuser and generating a notice if, for example, a sustained change in thepattern is detected.

As mentioned above, another aspect of the present disclosure relates tosystems and methods for medical compliance monitoring, which isdescribed in further detail with reference to FIGS. 9-12. FIG. 9 is ablock diagram illustrating one embodiment of an environment 900 in whichthe present systems and methods may be implemented. In some embodiments,the systems and methods described herein may be performed, at least inpart, on or using a control panel 905 of a home automation system.Environment 900 may include a compliance module 910. The compliancemodule 910 may be operated by control panel 905. Environment 900 mayfurther include a remote service 915. Remote service 915 may communicatewith control panel 905 via network 115. In other embodiments, compliancemodule 910 is operable independent of control panel 905 and remoteservice 915. Additionally, or alternatively, compliance module 910 maybe operated at least in part by remote service 915, and/or by bothcontrol panel 905 and remote service 915.

Control panel 905 may be one example of a control device used as part ofa home automation system for controlling certain aspects of the homeautomation system. In one example, control panel 905 includes a display,a user interface, a speaker, and/or a microphone to provide interactionwith one or more users of a property where the control panel is located.Control panel 905 may include a controller, memory, a transceiver, andother capabilities for processing data, storing data, and communicatingdata to/from other devices and/or systems such as, for example, remoteservice 915. In some arrangements, a single control panel 905 controls ahome automation system for a single property. Control panel 905 mayinclude a plurality of slave control panels that are positionedthroughout the property. Control panel 905 may be considered a computingdevice capable of operating, for example, compliance module 915 oraspects thereof.

Remote service 915 may provide a medium or service for communicatingbetween medical personnel and one or more persons (e.g., patients). Inone example, remote service 915 is structured as a web-based portal orother system that is accessible by a plurality of persons from manydifferent locations. Remote service 915 may provide the ability formedical personnel to communicate with a plurality of different patients,via, for example, a plurality of differing control panels 905. Remoteservice 915 may also facilitate communication between a plurality ofdifferent medical personnel and a single patient via, for example,control panel 905.

In one embodiment, remote service 915 facilitates sending instructionsto a patient from one or more medical personnel particularly in thecontext of medical compliance monitoring. Other applications may bepossible outside of the medical field including, for example,sports/fitness, finances, family or personal counseling/therapy,academics, and the like. Remote service 915 may provide a medium for anyof those applications to provide instructions and/or notices to one ormore persons via a home automation system (e.g., via control panel 905).Compliance module 910 may operate to present the instructions to thepatient (or other person), receive feedback concerning compliance withthe instructions, and deliver the feedback to the remote service 915 forreview by the medical personnel (or other person sending and/orgenerating the instructions).

The subject of the instructions may vary widely depending on theapplication. In a medical compliance application, the instructions mayrelate to, for example, a medication regimen, a physical therapyregimen, a status of a physiological condition, a nutritional statusand/or intake, or other therapies whether mental, emotional, orphysical. Compliance module 910 may cooperate with control panel 905 topresent the instructions to a patient, a caregiver of a patient, anadult (e.g., when the patient is a minor), or other responsible party.The instructions may be presented on the control panel 905 as, forexample, a text display, lighting sequence, audio message, videomessage, alarm, or the like. Additionally, or alternatively, controlpanel 905 may deliver the instructions or related message via otherdevices that are in communication with control panel 905 such as, forexample, a hand-held mobile device, a slave control panel, a speakersystem located on the property monitored by the home automation system,an appliance such as a TV or other display, or the like.

In some examples, compliance module 910 may receive confirmation fromone or more persons that the instructions or other messages have beenreceived and/or understood. Compliance module 910 may operate to receivefeedback from one or more persons or devices in response to the conveyedinstructions. The feedback may be received in many forms including, forexample, a manual input to control panel 905, a voice command, a textmessage received at control panel 905, or other information conveyedfrom a separate device such as, for example, a blood pressure monitor, athermometer, a glucose monitor, a weight scale, or an implanted medicaldevice, any of which may communicate with control panel 905 or someother feature of the home automation system. In one example, as will bedescribed below, compliance module 910 may receive feedback from amedication dispensing device indicating that medication has beendispensed and/or that a certain person has accessed the medicationdispensing device. The feedback from such devices may be sentautomatically upon measuring or monitoring certain behavior, physicalproperties, or attributes of one or more persons in response to thereceived instructions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may bemanually linked or coupled to the home automation system (e.g., controlpanel 905) in order to provide the feedback in response to the receivedinstructions. In one example, a blood pressure monitoring device may beconnected directly to control panel 905 with a cable or with a wirelessconnection (e.g., via network 115).

Compliance module 910 may also monitor the amount of time between whenthe instructions are provided to the patient or other person and whenfeedback is received related to the instructions. Predeterminedthreshold time periods may be set within which feedback should bereceived or else an alarm or notice is generated by compliance module910 indicating non-compliance with the instructions. The notice ofnon-compliance may be delivered to remote service 915 and thereafter toone or more medical personnel. Additionally, or alternatively, thenon-compliance notice may be delivered to other parties such as, forexample, a caregiver, a neighbor, the patient, or emergency personnel.The non-compliance notice may be delivered to a remote hand-heldcomputing device that operates a mobile application that communicateswith compliance module 910 or other feature of the home automationsystem. Additionally, or alternatively, the non-compliance notice may bedelivered via another medium such as, for example, email, voice message,text message, or the like. The non-compliance notice may be delivereddirectly to medical personnel via a communication system that bypassesremote service 915.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment ofenvironment 1000 in which the present systems and methods may beimplemented. Environment 1000 may include at least some of thecomponents of environment 900 described above. Environment 1000 mayinclude, in addition to control panel 905, compliance module 910, andremote service 915, the medication storage device 105-a and dispensemodule 110 described above with reference to FIG. 2, sensor 405described above with reference to FIG. 4, a medical measurement device1005, and a mobile device 1010. The components of environment 1000 maycommunicate via network 115.

The instructions sent from remote service 915 to compliance module 910may take many different forms. For example, the instructions may be inthe form of a request for information, instructions about how to performa specific activity and/or the frequency of performing the activity, areminder about consuming a particular medication, or some other request,reminder, description or message. In some examples, remote service 915may provide instructions in the form of a schedule for when noticesshould be conveyed to the patient. Compliance module 910 may execute theinstructions by generating and/or providing the notices to the patientaccording to the schedule. The feedback received by compliance module910 may relate to the entire schedule or particular messages or noticesgenerated in accordance with the schedule. Compliance module 910 mayoperate to consolidate a plurality of feedbacks or in some way processor manipulate the feedback information prior to communicating thefeedback, or a version thereof (e.g., in the form of a summary, average,or the like), to remote service 915 or before generating anon-compliance notice.

Compliance module 910 may operate to communicate directly with any ofthe medication storage device 105-a, dispense module 110, sensor 405,medical measurement device 1005, and mobile device 1010, in addition tocontrol panel 905. Compliance module 910 may facilitate two-waycommunication with any of the components of environment 1000. In someembodiments, any one of the components may periodically reach out tocompliance module 910 to obtain any or all current instructions in placeof or in addition to compliance module 910 actively transmitting theinstructions or other information from remote service 915. Similarly,the components of environment 1000 may automatically transmit feedbackto compliance module 910 in response to the instructions. Additionally,or alternatively, compliance module 910 may actively reach out to andobtain feedback from any of the components of environment 1000 (e.g., ona periodic basis or after a certain amount of time from when theinstructions are sent to or otherwise received by the components ofenvironment 1000).

Any of the features and functionality of medication storage device 105-aand dispense module 110 described above with reference to FIGS. 1-8 maybe adapted for use with environment 1000, and in particular cooperatingwith compliance module 910. For example, dispense module 110 may providefeedback to compliance module 910 any time that medication storagedevice 105-a is accessed, medication is dispensed by medication storagedevice 105-a, and/or a particular person accesses or is determined to bein close proximity to medication storage device 105-a. Unauthorized useof medication storage device 105-a may also be conveyed to compliancemodule 910. A failure to receive feedback from dispense module 110related to dispensing of medication in accordance with instructions fora patient to consume certain medications may be used by compliancemodule 910 as a basis for generating a non-compliance notice or alarm.

Sensor 405 may provide feedback related to many different types ofinstructions, whether in a medical context or other application. Forexample, sensor 405, as described above, may provide motion detection,which may indicate certain activities of a patient in a certain area ofthe home (e.g., taking a shower, operating a treadmill, going to bed, orthe like). Sensor 405 may also cooperate with medical measurement device1005 to obtain information about the patient such as a heart rate, bodytemperature, blood pressure, and the like. Sensor 405 may assist inconfirming whether the patient is located on the property, which may behelpful input for compliance module 910 as part of determining how toconvey the instructions to the patient (e.g., displaying on controlpanel 905 versus sending to mobile device 1010 carried by the patient).Sensor 405 may also provide feedback related to activities that are notpermitted or are otherwise discouraged for the patient for any number ofreasons. The feedback from sensor 405 may provide additional informationfor medical personnel as part of determining future instructions orcompliance with ongoing instructions, messages, recommendations, and thelike.

Compliance module 910 may send instructions directly to medicalmeasuring device 1005 to obtain measurements related to the patient.Medical measuring device 1005 may provide the measurements as feedbackto compliance module 910. In some embodiments, medical measurementdevice 1005 is disconnected from network 115. For example, medicalmeasurement device 1005 may be a completely mechanical device withoutelectronics. The patient or caregiver of a patient may use medicalmeasurement device 1005 to obtain information related to the patientand/or the patient's activities and then manually enter the informationobtained from medical measurement device 1005 separately as feedback tocompliance module 910 (e.g., via a user interface of control panel 905).In one example, compliance module 910 presents a question to the patient(e.g., via control panel 905) such as “is your blood sugar level below Xamount?” The patient may use medical measurement device 1005 to obtainhis/her blood sugar level and then respond to the proposed question bychecking a box (e.g., activating a discreet area of a touch screen) oroperating a button of a user interface of control panel 905 with a yesor no response or the blood sugar level.

Mobile device 1010 may be carried by, for example, the patient, acaregiver of the patient, the medical personnel who interfaces withremote service 915 to generate instructions, emergency personnel, orother interested parties. Mobile device 1010 may be used to control orotherwise operate remote service 915. Alternatively, mobile device 1010may be used to receive alarms or notices related to non-compliance ofinstructions conveyed to a patient or caregiver via compliance module910. Mobile device 1010 may be carried by the patient and may be used tocommunicate instructions to the patient and/or facilitate sendingfeedback to compliance module 910 in response to instructions. Any ofmedication storage device 105-a, sensor 405, dispense module 110, andmedical measurement device 1005 may communicate directly with mobiledevice 1010 and/or use mobile device 1010 as a medium for conveyingfeedback to compliance module 910.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example compliance module910-a. Compliance module 910-a may be one example of the compliancemodule 910 described above with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Compliancemodule 910-a may include an instruction module 1105, a feedback receiptmodule 1110, a feedback transmit module 1115, and an alarm module 1120.In other examples, compliance module 910-a may include more or fewer ofthe modules shown in FIG. 11.

Instruction module 1105 may operate to receive instructions from a thirdparty via a service such as the remote service 915 described withreference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Instruction module 1105 may determine howthe instructions are conveyed locally such as directly to a controlpanel, a remote device, a medication storage device, medical measurementdevice, a sensor, or the like (e.g., see description above related toFIG. 10). Instruction module 1105 may process the instructions anddetermine a schedule for disseminating the instructions, reconfigure theinstructions according to the medium to which the instructions are sent,and/or perform other tasks in response to the instructions. Theinstructions may include, as described above, inquiries, commands,descriptions, schedules, alternative options, and the like. Instructionmodule 1105 may both receive instructions and send instructions. Atleast some of the received instructions may be received locally, whileother of the instructions may be received from a remote source. Theinstructions may be delivered from instruction module 1105 locally orremotely depending on, for example, a determined location of thepatient, the type of activity or task that must be completed in view ofthe instructions, and the like.

Feedback receipt module 1110 is operable to receive feedback from anumber of sources including, for example, manually entered feedback fromthe patient or other person in response to the instructions, a device,sensor or system that operates in response to the instructions, whetherinstructions are received directly or indirectly. Feedback receiptmodule 1110 may transform the feedback into a format that addresses theinstructions received by instruction module 1105 and/or disseminated byinstruction module 1105. In at least one example, feedback receiptmodule 1110 receives feedback via a control panel of the home automationsystem.

Feedback transmit module 1115 may operate to deliver feedback inresponse to the instructions (e.g., instructions received from remoteservice 915). Feedback transmit module 1115 may transmit feedbackthrough various mediums and to different destinations including, forexample, a remote hand-held device carried by the patient, a caregiverof the patient, or the medical personnel who generated the instructions,locally to a control panel of the home automation system, or to a backend system or service. Feedback transmit module 1115 may consolidate orsummarize feedback prior to transmitting the feedback. For example,feedback transmit module 1115 may transmit feedback at set times of theday and may transmit the feedback in a format that reduces bandwidthrequirements for the communication medium being used (e.g., network115). Feedback transmit module 1115 may, in some embodiments, transmitfeedback only when an alarm condition is identified (e.g.,non-compliance with instructions within a predetermined time period).

Alarm module 1120 may operate to determine when the feedback, or thelack of feedback, indicates compliance and/or determine using thefeedback or lack of feedback that something of concern exists related tothe patient. Alarm module 1120 may communicate the alarm to variousdestinations including, for example, caregivers of the patient, medicalpersonnel, emergency personnel, a remote service, a remote hand-helddevice, or the like. The alarm generated and transmitted by alarm module1120 may be sent to the patient as an urgent reminder or as notice ofimminent danger to the patient's health or condition.

Compliance module 910-a may, in some embodiments, be used as anincentive program or include capability to monitor activities of one ormore persons for purposes of an incentive program. Compliance module910-a may provide a comparison of compliance by a plurality of patientsso that the patients can compare their status to similarly situatedpatients. This comparative data may be displayed, for example, on acontrol panel of the home automation system, a remote hand-held deviceof the patient, or the like. The instructions or messages conveyed viainstruction module 1105 may convey the comparative information and/orinclude specific information about how the patient can modify his/herbehavior to improve compliance relative to others.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method 1200for monitoring medical compliance using a home automation system. Insome configurations, the method 1200 may be implemented by thecompliance module 910 shown and described with reference to FIGS. 9-11.In other examples, the method 1200 may be performed generally by controlpanel 905 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, or even more generally byenvironments 900, 1000 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.

At block 1205, the method 1200 includes receiving instructions from amedical personnel concerning at least one medical-related activity.Block 1210 includes presenting the instructions to a patient via a homeautomation system. Block 1215 includes receiving feedback via the homeautomation system from at least one of the patient and a device used tocollect medical-related information associated with the patientregarding compliance with the instructions. Block 1220 includesdelivering the feedback to the medical personnel.

The instructions of method 1200 may relate to consumption of medication,and the device may be a medication dispensing device, wherein thefeedback includes operation of the medication dispensing device todispense medication for consumption by the patient. Presenting theinstructions may include at least one of displaying a text message orgenerating an audio message at a control panel of the home automationsystem. Receiving feedback may include receiving an entry from thepatient at a control panel of the home automation system. The entry mayinclude at least one of confirmation of a medication consumption, ameasurement from a medical device, and confirmation of a medical-relatedactivity.

FIG. 13 depicts a block diagram of a controller 1300 suitable forimplementing the present systems and methods. In one configuration,controller 1300 includes a bus 1305 which interconnects major subsystemsof controller 1300, such as a central processor 1310, a system memory1315 (typically RAM, but which may also include ROM, flash RAM, or thelike), an input/output controller 1320, an external audio device, suchas a speaker system 1325 via an audio output interface 1330, an externaldevice, such as a display screen 1335 via display adapter 1340, an inputdevice 1345 (e.g., remote control device interfaced with an inputcontroller 1350), multiple USB devices 1365 (interfaced with a USBcontroller 1370), and a storage interface 1380. Also included are atleast one sensor 1355 connected to bus 1305 through a sensor controller1360 and a network interface 1385 (coupled directly to bus 1305).

Bus 1305 allows data communication between central processor 1310 andsystem memory 1315, which may include read-only memory (ROM) or flashmemory (neither shown), and random access memory (RAM) (not shown), aspreviously noted. The RAM is generally the main memory into which theoperating system and application programs are loaded. The ROM or flashmemory can contain, among other code, the Basic Input-Output system(BIOS) which controls basic hardware operation such as the interactionwith peripheral components or devices. For example, a dispense module110-b to implement the present systems and methods may be stored withinthe system memory 1315. Additionally, or alternatively, the compliancemodule 910-b of FIGS. 9-11 may be stored within the system memory 1315.Applications resident with controller 1300 are generally stored on andaccessed via a non-transitory computer readable medium, such as a harddisk drive (e.g., fixed disk drive 1375) or other storage medium.Additionally, applications can be in the form of electronic signalsmodulated in accordance with the application and data communicationtechnology when accessed via network interface 1385.

Storage interface 1380, as with the other storage interfaces ofcontroller 1300, can connect to a standard computer readable medium forstorage and/or retrieval of information, such as a fixed disk drive1375. Fixed disk drive 1375 may be a part of controller 1300 or may beseparate and accessed through other interface systems. Network interface1385 may provide a direct connection to a remote server via a directnetwork link to the Internet via a POP (point of presence). Networkinterface 1385 may provide such connection using wireless techniques,including digital cellular telephone connection, Cellular Digital PacketData (CDPD) connection, digital satellite data connection, or the like.In some embodiments, one or more sensors (e.g., motion sensor, smokesensor, glass break sensor, door sensor, window sensor, carbon monoxidesensor, and the like) connect to controller 1300 wirelessly via networkinterface 1385.

Many other devices or subsystems (not shown) may be connected in asimilar manner (e.g., entertainment system, computing device, remotecameras, wireless key fob, wall mounted user interface device, cellradio module, battery, alarm siren, door lock, lighting system,thermostat, home appliance monitor, utility equipment monitor, and soon). Conversely, all of the devices shown in FIG. 13 need not be presentto practice the present systems and methods. The devices and subsystemscan be interconnected in different ways from that shown in FIG. 13. Theaspect of some operations of a system such as that shown in FIG. 13 arereadily known in the art and are not discussed in detail in thisapplication. Code to implement the present disclosure can be stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium such as one or more of systemmemory 1315 or fixed disk drive 1375. The operating system provided oncontroller 1300 may be iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®,UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system.

Moreover, regarding the signals described herein, those skilled in theart will recognize that a signal can be directly transmitted from afirst block to a second block, or a signal can be modified (e.g.,amplified, attenuated, delayed, latched, buffered, inverted, filtered,or otherwise modified) between the blocks. Although the signals of theabove described embodiment are characterized as transmitted from oneblock to the next, other embodiments of the present systems and methodsmay include modified signals in place of such directly transmittedsignals as long as the informational and/or functional aspect of thesignal is transmitted between blocks. To some extent, a signal input ata second block can be conceptualized as a second signal derived from afirst signal output from a first block due to physical limitations ofthe circuitry involved (e.g., there will inevitably be some attenuationand delay). Therefore, as used herein, a second signal derived from afirst signal includes the first signal or any modifications to the firstsignal, whether due to circuit limitations or due to passage throughother circuit elements which do not change the informational and/orfinal functional aspect of the first signal.

While the foregoing disclosure sets forth various embodiments usingspecific block diagrams, flowcharts, and examples, each block diagramcomponent, flowchart step, operation, and/or component described and/orillustrated herein may be implemented, individually and/or collectively,using a wide range of hardware, software, or firmware (or anycombination thereof) configurations. In addition, any disclosure ofcomponents contained within other components should be consideredexemplary in nature since many other architectures can be implemented toachieve the same functionality.

The process parameters and sequence of steps described and/orillustrated herein are given by way of example only and can be varied asdesired. For example, while the steps illustrated and/or describedherein may be shown or discussed in a particular order, these steps donot necessarily need to be performed in the order illustrated ordiscussed. The various exemplary methods described and/or illustratedherein may also omit one or more of the steps described or illustratedherein or include additional steps in addition to those disclosed.

Furthermore, while various embodiments have been described and/orillustrated herein in the context of fully functional computing systems,one or more of these exemplary embodiments may be distributed as aprogram product in a variety of forms, regardless of the particular typeof computer-readable media used to actually carry out the distribution.The embodiments disclosed herein may also be implemented using softwaremodules that perform certain tasks. These software modules may includescript, batch, or other executable files that may be stored on acomputer-readable storage medium or in a computing system. In someembodiments, these software modules may configure a computing system toperform one or more of the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the present systems and methods and their practicalapplications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to bestutilize the present systems and methods and various embodiments withvarious modifications as may be suited to the particular usecontemplated.

Unless otherwise noted, the terms “a” or “an,” as used in thespecification and claims, are to be construed as meaning “at least oneof.” In addition, for ease of use, the words “including” and “having,”as used in the specification and claims, are interchangeable with andhave the same meaning as the word “comprising.” In addition, the term“based on” as used in the specification and the claims is to beconstrued as meaning “based at least upon.”

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for dispensing medication,comprising: a processor; memory in electronic communication with theprocessor, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by theprocessor to cause the apparatus to: receive information of a personfrom a device carried by an authorized user indicating a proximity ofthe authorized user to the apparatus; determine whether the person isattempting to access a compartment of the apparatus casing themedication based at least in part on sensor data; determine a timeperiod of the received information of the person based at least in parton the person attempting to access the compartment of the apparatuscasing the medication; determine that the time period satisfies athreshold timeframe when the medication is to be taken by the personbased at least in part on a behavioral pattern of the person; and permitthe authorized user to dispense the medication after receiving theinformation and based at least in part on the time period satisfying thethreshold timeframe.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theinstructions are executable by the processor to: receive positioninginformation from the device carried by the authorized user, wherein thedevice is a portable electronic device wearable by the person andwherein the instructions to receive the information are furtherexecutable by the processor to receive the positioning information. 3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions are executable by theprocessor to: determine a distance between the person and the apparatusbased at least in part on the positioning information; and determinewhether the distance is within a threshold of the apparatus, wherein theinstructions to dispense the medication are further executable by theprocessor based at least in part on the distance being within thethreshold of the apparatus.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein theportable electronic device comprises at least one of a pendent, abracelet, or an anklet, or a combination thereof.
 5. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to:receive authentication information from a portable electronic devicewearable by the person, the authentication information comprises atleast one of a voice command, a fingerprint, or facial recognition data,or a combination thereof, wherein the instructions to receive theinformation are further executable by the processor to receive theauthentication information; and confirm an identification of the personbased at least in part on the authentication information, wherein theinstructions to dispense the medication are further executable by theprocessor based at least in part on the confirmation.
 6. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the processor to:compare the received information of the person to medication-relatedinformation of the medication, the received information comprising atleast one of a blood pressure of the person, a temperature of theperson, a glucose level of the person, a weight of the person, or acombination thereof, wherein the instructions to dispense the medicationare further executable by the processor based at least in part on thecomparison.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the medication-relatedinformation comprises at least one of a frequency of dispensing themedication, an amount of the medication for dispensing, a timeframe fordispensing the medication, or a combination thereof.
 8. A method fordispensing medication, comprising: receiving information of a personfrom a device carried by an authorized user indicating a proximity ofthe authorized user to a medication dispenser; determining whether theperson is attempting to access a compartment of an apparatus casing themedication based at least in part on sensor data; determining a timeperiod of the received information of the person based at least in parton the person attempting to access the compartment of the apparatuscasing the medication; determining that the time period satisfies athreshold timeframe when the medication is to be taken by the personbased at least in part on a behavioral pattern of the person; andpermitting the authorized user to access, from the medication dispenser,the medication after receiving the information and based at least inpart on the time period satisfying the threshold timeframe.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, further comprising: receiving positioning informationfrom the device carried by the authorized user, wherein the device is aportable electronic device wearable by the person and wherein receivingthe information further comprises receiving the positioning information;determining a distance between the person and the medication dispenserbased at least in part on the positioning information; and determiningwhether the distance is within a threshold of the medication dispenser,wherein providing the medication is further based at least in part onthe distance being within the threshold of the medication dispenser. 10.The method of claim 8, further comprising: receiving authenticationinformation from a portable electronic device wearable by the person,the authentication information comprising at least one of a voicecommand, a fingerprint, or facial recognition data, or a combinationthereof, wherein receiving the information further comprises receivingthe authentication information; and confirming an identification of theperson based at least in part on the authentication information, whereinproviding the medication is further based at least in part on theconfirmation.
 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing codefor dispensing medication, the code comprising instructions executableby a processor to: receive information of a person from a device carriedby an authorized user indicating a proximity of the authorized user to amedication dispenser; determine whether the person is attempting toaccess a compartment of an apparatus casing the medication based atleast in part on sensor data; determine a time period of the receivedinformation of the person based at least in part on the personattempting to access the compartment of the apparatus casing themedication; determine that the time period satisfies a thresholdtimeframe when the medication is to be taken by the person based atleast in part on a behavioral pattern of the person; and permit theauthorized user to access, from the medication dispenser, a medicationafter receiving the information and based at least in part on the timeperiod satisfying the threshold timeframe.
 12. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the processor to: receive positioning informationfrom the device carried by the authorized user, wherein the device is aportable electronic device wearable by the person and wherein theinstructions to receive the information are further executable by theprocessor to receive the positioning information; determine a distancebetween the person and the medication dispenser based at least in parton the positioning information; and determine whether the distance iswithin a threshold of the medication dispenser, wherein the instructionsto provide the medication are further executable by the processor basedat least in part on the distance being within the threshold of themedication dispenser.
 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by theprocessor to: receive authentication information from a portableelectronic device wearable by the person, the authentication informationcomprising at least one of a voice command, a fingerprint, or facialrecognition data, or a combination thereof, wherein the instructions toreceive the information are further executable by the processor toreceive the authentication information; and confirm an identification ofthe person based at least in part on the authentication information,wherein the instructions to provide the medication are furtherexecutable by the processor based at least in part on the confirmation.